Conscientious objection to animal experimentation

The Italian Law n. 413/1993, on "Regulation on conscientious objection to animal experimentation " says that "Doctors, researchers and healthcare personnel in the roles of graduate, technical and nursing professionals, as well as interested university students, who have declared their conscientious objection, are not required to take part directly in activities and interventions specifically and necessarily aimed at animal experimentation" (Art. 2, paragraph 1.), and that "University students declare their conscientious objection to the teacher of the course in which animal experimentation activities or interventions may be carried out, at the start of the course" (Art. 3, paragraph 2).
Students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Milan (UNIMI) who wish to declare their conscientious objection to animal experimentation may do so at any time during their university career and must do so using the attached form.
The form must be completed in duplicate and submitted to the Student Office. Of the two copies, one will be retained while the other, stamped and/or countersigned, will be returned to the objector.
That said, we inform you that the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Milan does not provide for the use of animal experimentation in the teaching of the various degree courses. For this reason, as far as teaching in the various degree courses is concerned, there are no conditions for the application of Law n. 413 of 12 October 1993 "Regulations on conscientious objection to animal experimentation". The case of some specialization schools is different, as well as of theses (degree, doctorate) that could be developed within the framework of research that includes experimentation using animals. In the case of conscientious objection, it is understood that the development of such theses will have to be evaluated in advance with the lecturer, in order to verify the compatibility of the exercise of conscientious objection with the objectives of the theses themselves. It is also understood that the student always has the opportunity to develop a thesis that does not involve animal experimentation, on the same subject in the chosen subject, on a related subject, or in another subject. Please also note that most of the theses available do not involve acts related to animal experimentation.